The PepCodex Catalogue · Vol. IV

A catalogue of peptides, referenced.

102 dossiers. 2,351 source references reported across dossiers. Distilled, classified, and indexed — so you can read the evidence, not the marketing.

Browse the catalogue Read the methodology

Featured dossiers

All entries

Selected specimens · Vol. IV

Metabolic

Semaglutide

Ozempic · Wegovy · Rybelsus +1

A GLP-1 receptor agonist with US approvals that differ by product and route: diabetes products for type 2 diabetes, Wegovy for weight and cardiovascular risk reduction, and Wegovy injection under accelerated approval for noncirrhotic MASH with F2-F3 fibrosis in adults.

See dossier
Metabolic

Tirzepatide

LY3298176 · Mounjaro · Zepbound

A dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist with US product-specific approvals: Mounjaro for type 2 diabetes in adults and children aged 10 years and older, and Zepbound for adult weight reduction and moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea in adults with obesity. SURPASS-CVOT established cardiovascular noninferiority to dulaglutide, without superiority.

See dossier
Repair & Recovery

BPC-157

Body Protection Compound-157 · Bepecin · PL 14736 +1

BPC-157 is a synthetic gastric-peptide fragment with extensive preclinical literature but small, heterogeneous human evidence: three full primary reports and two controlled study groups reported only in meeting abstracts. It has no FDA-approved formulation or validated clinical regimen.

See dossier
Repair & Recovery

TB-500

Thymosin Beta-4 Fragment · TB4-FRAG

TB-500 commonly denotes N-acetyl-LKKTETQ, a seven-residue fragment of thymosin beta-4. Full-length thymosin beta-4 trial results do not establish this fragment's efficacy or safety. No human TB-500 exposure data were identified in FDA's compounding review.

See dossier
Hormonal

PT-141

Bremelanotide · Vyleesi

An FDA-approved melanocortin receptor agonist for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women. Acts centrally rather than on vascular mechanisms. Phase 3 RECONNECT trials demonstrated efficacy.

See dossier
Repair & Recovery

GHK-Cu

Copper Peptide GHK · Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine:Copper

GHK-Cu is the copper complex of the GHK tripeptide. Cell and animal studies support matrix-remodeling mechanisms, while small topical human studies give mixed results; these findings do not establish injected GHK-Cu efficacy or safety.

See dossier

The drawers

Browse by classification

A

Metabolic

GLP-1 agonists and metabolic regulators

19 specimens
Cagrilintide
Investigational long-acting amylin analogue. REDEFINE 1 included a Phase 3 cagrilintide-only arm; Novo reports 11.8% mean weight loss versus 2.3% with placebo at 68 weeks using an on-treatment estimand. Dedicated RENEW Phase 3 monotherapy trials have started. Cagrilintide is also a CagriSema component.
CagriSema
Investigational fixed-dose cagrilintide plus semaglutide combination. Novo filed a US obesity NDA in December 2025. Its sponsor-reported REDEFINE 4 head-to-head trial missed non-inferiority versus tirzepatide; September 2026 REIMAGINE 5 and REDEFINE 9 toplines address different populations and doses. A filing and positive toplines are not FDA approval.
Liraglutide
The first long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist, FDA-approved for type 2 diabetes (Victoza, 2010) and chronic weight management (Saxenda, 2014). Pioneered the therapeutic class with proven cardiovascular benefits in the landmark LEADER trial.
Orforglipron
Oral small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist approved by the US FDA on 1 April 2026 as Foundayo for chronic weight management in eligible adults. The July 2026 FDA label advises against use with another GLP-1 agonist and lists specific drug interactions. Type 2 diabetes remains an unapproved use, despite published Phase 3 ACHIEVE trials.
B

Recovery

Healing and tissue regeneration

6 specimens
GHK
A naturally occurring tripeptide (Gly-His-Lys) with copper-binding affinity and wound healing properties. The base form of GHK without added copper. Endogenous to human plasma where it circulates bound to copper. Declines with age. Most research focuses on the copper-complexed form (GHK-Cu), making evidence for GHK alone limited. Primarily relevant as the precursor to GHK-Cu.
BPC-157
BPC-157 is a synthetic gastric-peptide fragment with extensive preclinical literature but small, heterogeneous human evidence: three full primary reports and two controlled study groups reported only in meeting abstracts. It has no FDA-approved formulation or validated clinical regimen.
GHK-Cu
GHK-Cu is the copper complex of the GHK tripeptide. Cell and animal studies support matrix-remodeling mechanisms, while small topical human studies give mixed results; these findings do not establish injected GHK-Cu efficacy or safety.
Sigumir
A cytamin-class peptide supplement derived from cartilage tissue, part of the Russian bioregulator framework. Marketed as an oral supplement for joint and cartilage support. Contains peptide complexes rather than defined sequences. No Western clinical validation.
C

Hormonal

Growth hormone secretagogues

18 specimens
HMG
A urinary-derived glycoprotein hormone preparation containing both FSH and LH in approximately 1:1 ratio, FDA-approved for female infertility (ovulation induction, ART) and male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. First used clinically in 1961 by Bruno Lunenfeld, HMG enabled the birth of the first American IVF baby in 1981 and remains a cornerstone of fertility medicine with over 60 years of clinical experience. Highly purified preparations (HP-hMG) demonstrate comparable or slightly superior live birth rates compared to recombinant FSH in IVF.
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
A glycoprotein hormone FDA-approved for ovulation induction, cryptorchidism, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Functions as an LH receptor agonist with over 50 years of clinical use in reproductive medicine. Gold standard trigger for assisted reproductive technology.
Pasireotide
A multi-receptor somatostatin analog FDA-approved for Cushing's disease and acromegaly. Features unique binding profile with 30-40 fold higher affinity for SSTR1 and SSTR5 compared to octreotide, enabling efficacy in patients resistant to first-generation somatostatin analogs.
PT-141
An FDA-approved melanocortin receptor agonist for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women. Acts centrally rather than on vascular mechanisms. Phase 3 RECONNECT trials demonstrated efficacy.
D

Longevity

Anti-aging bioregulators

10 specimens
SS-31
SS-31 is elamipretide, a cardiolipin-binding tetrapeptide. FDA granted accelerated approval to the specific Forzinity product to improve muscle strength in Barth syndrome patients weighing at least 30 kg; confirmatory clinical benefit remains to be verified. The larger MMPOWER-3 trial in primary mitochondrial myopathy missed both primary endpoints.
Glutathione
The master antioxidant and most abundant intracellular thiol in mammalian cells. This naturally occurring tripeptide (glutamate-cysteine-glycine) is essential for detoxification, immune function, and cellular protection. Extensively studied with strong mechanistic understanding and growing clinical evidence.
Endoluten
A cytamin-class peptide supplement derived from pineal gland tissue, part of the Russian bioregulator framework. Marketed as an oral supplement for pineal function and melatonin support. Contains peptide complexes rather than defined sequences. No Western clinical validation.
Epithalon
Epitalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly, AEDG) has produced telomere-related changes in cultured human cells, including a 2025 independent laboratory report. Those experiments do not show longer human life or safe clinical use; controlled human efficacy and exposure data remain unavailable.
E

Cognitive

Nootropic and neuroprotective

13 specimens
Alixorexton
An oral orexin receptor 2 (OX2R) agonist developed by Alkermes for narcolepsy type 1 (NT1). Phase 2 clinical trials demonstrated improvements in excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy with once-daily dosing. Represents a novel approach to restore orexin signaling in patients who have lost orexin-producing neurons.
Cerebrolysin
Cerebrolysin is a porcine brain-derived peptide mixture approved in 50+ countries for stroke, dementia, and traumatic brain injury. It is NOT FDA-approved in the United States despite decades of international clinical use. Contains neurotrophic peptide fragments mimicking BDNF, GDNF, NGF, and CNTF. Mixed Phase 3 results but positive meta-analyses and widespread adoption in Europe, Asia, and Latin America.
Cortexin
A Russian neuropeptide complex derived from porcine or bovine cerebral cortex, approved in Russia and CIS countries for neurological conditions. Contains low molecular weight polypeptides (1,000-10,000 Da) with proposed neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties. NOT approved by FDA, EMA, or other Western regulatory agencies. Evidence comes primarily from Russian studies with limited Western validation.
Oveporexton
A first-in-class oral orexin receptor 2 (OX2R) selective agonist developed by Takeda for narcolepsy type 1. Though not a peptide itself, oveporexton restores orexin peptide signaling lost due to autoimmune destruction of orexin-producing neurons. A Phase 2 trial (NEJM 2025) demonstrated significant reductions in excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy; Phase 3 trials are ongoing. Granted FDA Breakthrough Therapy designation.
F

Immune

Immunomodulatory peptides

12 specimens
Alpha-Defensins
A family of small cationic antimicrobial peptides (29-35 amino acids) that are key components of innate immunity in humans. Produced primarily by neutrophils (HNP-1 to 4) and Paneth cells (HD-5, HD-6), they exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and immunomodulatory functions. Well-characterized biochemically with extensive research, though therapeutic development faces challenges.
Murepavadin
A first-in-class cyclic antimicrobial peptide targeting the LptD outer membrane protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The first OMPTA (outer membrane protein targeting antibiotic) to reach clinical development. IV formulation discontinued due to nephrotoxicity; inhaled formulation continues Phase 3 development for cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis patients.
Thymalin
A thymic peptide complex developed in Russia and used clinically in the former Soviet Union for immunomodulation. Derived from calf thymus extract, it contains multiple peptides claimed to restore immune function. Approved in Russia since the 1970s but not recognized by Western regulatory agencies. Evidence comes primarily from Russian studies with limited Western replication.
Thymogen
A synthetic dipeptide (glutamyl-tryptophan) developed in Russia as a defined successor to thymalin. Approved in Russia for immunomodulation with extensive Russian clinical literature. Represents an attempt to create a standardized, synthetic thymic peptide. Not approved by Western regulatory agencies.

By the numbers

Specimens per drawer

A · Metabolic
19
B · Recovery
6
C · Hormonal
18
D · Longevity
10
E · Cognitive
13
F · Immune
12
102
Dossiers
In-depth research profiles
2,351
Recorded source counts
Dossier totals; references may overlap
269
Comparisons
Head-to-head analyses
155
Briefings
Research updates
The next volume

No. 03 lands this summer.

Subscribe and we'll send you the next issue — plus the in-between revisions when a dossier is re-stamped. No marketing, no protocols, just receipts.

Get Research Alerts

New dossiers and major study summaries delivered to your inbox. No spam, just evidence.

No spam. Unsubscribe anytime.

Educational use only

This website provides educational information only. It is not medical advice and should not be used to diagnose, treat, or prevent any condition. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before making health decisions. We do not provide dosing, protocols, or sourcing information.