Metabolic Peptides
GLP-1 agonists and metabolic regulators. Evidence-based dossiers on tirzepatide, semaglutide, retatrutide, and more.
Metabolic peptides include GLP-1 receptor agonists, dual and triple agonists, and other compounds that influence metabolism, appetite, and body composition. This category includes some of the most well-researched peptides with substantial human clinical trial data.
5-Amino-1MQ
5-Amino-1-Methylquinolinium, NNMT Inhibitor
A small molecule NNMT inhibitor studied for metabolic effects in animal models. No human clinical trials have been conducted. Increases NAD+ levels in adipose tissue in preclinical studies.
Amycretin
NNC0487-0111, Oral Amycretin, Subcutaneous Amycretin
A novel single-molecule dual GLP-1/amylin receptor agonist developed by Novo Nordisk. Unlike CagriSema (a fixed-dose combination), amycretin is a unified peptide that activates both pathways. Phase 1 trials showed superior weight loss signals versus semaglutide, with both oral and subcutaneous formulations in development.
AOD-9604
Anti-Obesity Drug 9604, Tyr-hGH Fragment 177-191, hGH Fragment 176-191
A modified fragment of human growth hormone (amino acids 176-191 with N-terminal tyrosine) studied for fat loss. Clinical development discontinued after Phase 2b/3 trials failed to show efficacy in 536 subjects. Now prohibited by WADA and excluded from FDA compounding.
Cagrilintide
AM833, NN9838, ZP8396
A long-acting amylin analog developed by Novo Nordisk for weight management. Currently in Phase 3 trials as CagriSema (combination with semaglutide). Phase 2 data shows up to 22-25% weight loss when combined with semaglutide, potentially exceeding tirzepatide efficacy.
CagriSema
Cagrilintide-Semaglutide, NNC0174-0833
A fixed-dose combination of cagrilintide (amylin analog) and semaglutide (GLP-1 agonist) for chronic weight management. Phase 3 REDEFINE trials demonstrate 20-23% weight loss at 68 weeks. NDA submitted to FDA December 2025. First GLP-1/amylin combination therapy.
CT-388
RG-6912
A dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist acquired by Roche through the $2.7 billion Carmot Therapeutics acquisition in 2024. Phase 1b results showed 18.8% placebo-adjusted weight loss at 24 weeks, positioning it as a competitive obesity therapeutic with a mechanism similar to tirzepatide.
Liraglutide
Victoza, Saxenda, NN2211
The first long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist, FDA-approved for type 2 diabetes (Victoza, 2010) and chronic weight management (Saxenda, 2014). Pioneered the therapeutic class with proven cardiovascular benefits in the landmark LEADER trial.
MariTide
AMG 133, maridebart cafraglutide
A bispecific peptide-antibody conjugate combining GLP-1 receptor agonism with GIP receptor antagonism. Unique mechanism opposite to tirzepatide. Phase 2 showed ~20% weight loss at 52 weeks with once-monthly dosing. MARITIME Phase 3 program initiated.
Mazdutide
IBI362, LY3305677, Xinermei
A dual GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist developed by Innovent/Eli Lilly. NMPA approved in China (2025) for obesity. GLORY-1 trial showed 14.3% weight loss at 48 weeks. DREAMS-3 head-to-head trial demonstrated superiority vs semaglutide for combined diabetes + obesity outcomes.
Orforglipron
LY3502970, OWL833
The first oral small-molecule (non-peptide) GLP-1 receptor agonist. NDA submitted to FDA. ATTAIN trials showed 12.4% weight loss at 72 weeks. No food/water restrictions unlike oral semaglutide. Phase 3 data in 9,000+ patients.
Pemvidutide
ALT-801, GLP-1/Glucagon Dual Agonist
A dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonist developed by Altimmune showing 15.6% weight loss at 48 weeks with unique lean mass preservation (78% fat mass lost). Phase 2b trials completed for obesity (MOMENTUM) and MASH (IMPACT) with 59.1% MASH resolution. FDA Fast Track designation for MASH.
Retatrutide
LY3437943, GGG Triple Agonist
A triple GIP/GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonist in Phase 3 development. First Phase 3 results (TRIUMPH-4) show 28.7% weight loss at 68 weeks, with earlier Phase 2 data showing 24.2% at 48 weeks.
Semaglutide
Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus +1 more
A GLP-1 receptor agonist FDA-approved for type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular risk reduction, and MASH. Among the most extensively studied peptides with robust Phase 3 data demonstrating significant metabolic, cardiovascular, renal, and hepatic benefits.
SLU-PP-332
ERR agonist 332, Exercise mimetic compound
A small molecule ERR (Estrogen-Related Receptor) agonist developed at Saint Louis University. Preclinical studies suggest exercise-mimetic properties, but no human data exists. Represents early-stage research into pharmacologically activating exercise pathways.
Survodutide
BI 456906, BI-456906, ZP6590
A dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonist developed by Boehringer Ingelheim/Zealand Pharma, currently in Phase 3 trials for obesity and MASH. Phase 2 data show 18.7% weight loss and 83% MASH resolution, with unique liver-targeting benefits from glucagon receptor agonism.
Tirzepatide
LY3298176, Mounjaro, Zepbound
A dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist approved globally for type 2 diabetes (Mounjaro), weight management (Zepbound), and obstructive sleep apnea. Extensive clinical trial data from 30+ countries demonstrates significant effects on glycemic control, body weight, and cardiovascular outcomes.
VK2735
Viking 2735
A dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist from Viking Therapeutics with both subcutaneous and oral formulations. Phase 2 VENTURE trial showed 14.7% weight loss at 13 weeks (SC) and 12.2% (oral). Phase 3 VANQUISH-1 enrollment completed with 4,650 patients.
About This Category
GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptor agonists are among the most extensively studied peptides, with multiple FDA-approved medications in this class. Research focuses on their effects on glucose metabolism, weight management, and cardiovascular outcomes. Newer agents like tirzepatide (dual GIP/GLP-1 agonist) and retatrutide (triple agonist) represent expanding research into multi-receptor targeting approaches.